![]() In addition, those aged 5–11 years became eligible for vaccinations on 21 January 2022 (BNT162b2). ![]() Those aged 12 years and above were eligible for vaccinations on 1 June 2021 (BNT162b2) and on 3 August 2021 (mRNA-1273). The vaccine was first administered to healthcare workers starting 17 February 2021, and subsequently offered to senior citizens and then to the general public aged 16 years and above. As of June 15, 2022, BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273 are the major vaccines that have been administered so far. In Japan, the vaccines that have obtained pharmaceutical approval include BNT162b2, mRNA-1273, ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (Vaxzevria, AstraZeneca), and NVX-CoV2373 (Nuvaxovid, Novavax). Considering the scale of vaccination programs both locally and internationally, some deaths may inevitably occur close to a COVID-19 vaccination, raising questions regarding the potential relationship between the death and the recent vaccination. Barda showed that the BNT162b2 was associated with an excess risk of myocarditis in their study in a nationwide mass vaccination setting, although the risk was substantially increased after SARS-CoV-2 infection. On the other hand, COVID-19 vaccine-related adverse events, including anaphylaxis, ,, , myocarditis and pericarditis, ,, ,, ,, and thrombosis with thrombocytopenia syndrome, , have also been reported in the literature. Sheikh also showed that in comparison with the second vaccine doses, third or booster vaccine doses are associated with considerable added protection against symptomatic COVID-19 caused by the omicron variant. A recent study confirmed that three doses of BNT162b2 conferred high protection against hospital and emergency department admission due to both the delta and omicron variants in the first 3 months after vaccination. The BNT162b2 (Comirnaty, BioNTech/Pfizer) and mRNA-1273 (Spikevax, Moderna) mRNA-based vaccines have demonstrated a high efficacy rate. Vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 virus has proven to be a cornerstone of preventive strategies. ![]() The development of COVID-19 vaccines started in January 2020 with the identification of the genetic sequence of SARS-CoV-2. Vaccination is undoubtedly the most effective tool for preventing infectious disease, and is one of the most important breakthroughs in the history of medical science. The virus rapidly spread worldwide, leading to one of the most severe pandemics in human history. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the agent responsible for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), has had a calamitous effect on the world.
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